1.)
Dragonfly pair; taken at Tilden Park, Berkeley California.
Wide angle fixed lens is when the focal length of the lens is smaller than the focal length of normal lens throughout a film plane. It allows a camera to capture more of the scene, which is useful in architectural, interior, and landscape photography. This is generally when the photographer is unable to move farther from the scene to capture it all. The wide angle lens projects a larger image circle than a standard lens of the same focal length, which, with a view camera, or lenses with wide fields of view allows large tilt and shift movements. Wider lenses have the tendency to magnify distance between objects while providing greater depth of field. A wide-angle lens gives greater apparent perspective distortion when the camera is not aligned perpendicular to the wider total field.
3.) Daguerreotype
The Daguerreotype was the first photographic process to be commercially successful. The image that appears is a direct positive made in the camera on a silvered copper plate. The Sheffield plate was the raw material used for plates, a standard hardware item made by heating and rolling silver foil with the support of copper. The surface resembles a mirror, as the image is made directly on the silvered surface and is very fragile; able to be rubbed off with a finger. The finished plate must be angled to reflect a dark surface in order to be properly viewed. Depending on the angle of view as well as the color of the surface reflected upon it, the image can turn from a positive to a negative.
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