In photography a diaphragm is the structure that houses the aperture
in the center. The main purpose is to adjust or stop the flow of light allowing
it to only pass through the camera’s aperture (located in the middle of the
diaphragm). An easy way to understand this concept is to use the human eye as
an example. The iris is the eyes natural diaphragm; helping our eyes adjusts to
different levels of light. The diaphragm is necessary in both traditional photography
as well as digital photography and has been used throughout the history of
photography.
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